17 research outputs found

    Control and management of energy storage systems in microgrids

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    The rate of integration of the renewable energy sources in modern grids have significantly increased in the last decade. These intermittent, non-dispatchable renewable sources, though environment friendly tend to be grid unfriendly. This is precisely due to the issues pertaining to grid congestion, voltage regulation and stability of grids being reported as a result of the incorporation of renewable sources. In this scenario, the use of energy storage systems (ESS ) in electric grids is being widely proposed to overcome these issues. However, integrating energy storage systems alone will not compensate for the issue created by renewable generation. The control and management of the ESS should be done optimally so that their full capabilities are exploited to overcome the issues in the power grids and to ensure their lower cost of investment by prolonging ESS lifetime through minimising degradation. Motivated by this aspect this Ph.D work focusses on developing an efficient, optimal control and management strategy for ESS in a microgrid, especially hybrid ESS. The Ph.D work addresses this issue by proposing a hierarchical control scheme comprising of a lower power management and higher energy management stage with contributions in each stage. In the power management stage this work focusses on improving aspects of real time control of power converters interfacing ESS to grid and the microgrid system as whole. The work proposes control systems with improved dynamic behaviour for power converters based on the reset control framework. In the microgrid control the work presents a primary+secondary control scheme with improved voltage regulation performance under disturbances, using an observer. The real time power splitting strategies among hybrid ESS accounting for the ESS operating efficiencies and degradation mechanisms will also be addressed in the primary+secondary control of power management stage. The design criteria, stability and robustness analysis will be carried out, along with simulation or experimental verifications. In the higher level energy management stage, the contribution of this work involves application of an economic MPC framework for the management of ESS in microgrids. The work specifically addresses the problems of mitigating grid congestion from renewable power feed-in, minimising ESS degradation and maximising self consumption of generated renewable energy using the MPC based energy management system. A survey of the forecasting methods that can be used for MPC will be carried out and a neural network based forecasting unit for time series prediction will be developed. The practical issue of accounting for forecasting error in the decision making of MPC will be addressed and impact of the resulting conservative decision making on the system performance will be analysed. The improvement in performance with the proposed energy management scheme will be demonstrated and quantified.La integraci贸n de las fuentes de energ铆a renovables en las redes modernas ha aumentado significativamente en la 煤ltima d茅cada. Estas fuentes renovables, aunque muy convenientes para el medio ambiente son de naturaleza intermitente, y son no panificables, cosa que genera problemas en la red de distribuci贸n. Esto se debe precisamente a los problemas relacionados con la congesti贸n de la red y la regulaci贸n del voltaje. En este escenario, el uso de sistemas de almacenamiento de energ铆a (ESS) en redes el茅ctricas est谩 siendo ampliamente propuesto para superar estos problemas. Sin embargo, la integraci贸n de sistemas de almacenamiento de energ铆a por s铆 solos no compensar谩 el problema creado por la generaci贸n renovable. El control y la gesti贸n del ESS deben realizarse de manera 贸ptima, de modo que se aprovechen al m谩ximo sus capacidades para superar los problemas en las redes el茅ctricas, garantizar un coste de inversi贸n razonable y prolongar la vida 煤til del ESS minimizando su degradaci贸n. Motivado por esta problem谩tica, esta tesis doctoral se centra en desarrollar una estrategia de control y gesti贸n eficiente para los ESS integrados en una microrred, especialmente cuando se trata de ESS de naturaleza. El trabajo de doctorado propone un esquema de control jer谩rquico compuesto por un control de bajo nivel y una parte de gesti贸n de energ铆a operando a m谩s alto nivel. El trabajo realiza aportaciones en los dos campos. En el control de bajo nivel, este trabajo se centra en mejorar aspectos del control en tiempo real de los convertidores que interconectan el ESS con la red y el sistema de micro red en su conjunto. El trabajo propone sistemas de control con comportamiento din谩mico mejorado para convertidores de potencia desarrollados en el marco del control de tipo reset. En el control de microrred, el trabajo presenta un esquema de control primario y uno secundario con un rendimiento de regulaci贸n de voltaje mejorado bajo perturbaciones, utilizando un observador. Adem谩s, el trabajo plantea estrategias de reparto del flujo de potencia entre los diferentes ESS. Durante el dise帽o de estos algoritmos de control se tienen en cuenta los mecanismos de degradaci贸n de los diferentes ESS. Los algoritmos dise帽ados se validar谩n mediante simulaciones y trabajos experimentales. En el apartado de gesti贸n de energ铆a, la contribuci贸n de este trabajo se centra en la aplicaci贸n del un control predictivo econ贸mico basado en modelo (EMPC) para la gesti贸n de ESS en microrredes. El trabajo aborda espec铆ficamente los problemas de mitigar la congesti贸n de la red a partir de la alimentaci贸n de energ铆a renovable, minimizando la degradaci贸n de ESS y maximizando el autoconsumo de energ铆a renovable generada. Se ha realizado una revisi贸n de los m茅todos de predicci贸n del consumo/generaci贸n que pueden usarse en el marco del EMPC y se ha desarrollado un mecanismo de predicci贸n basado en el uso de las redes neuronales. Se ha abordado el an谩lisis del efecto del error de predicci贸n sobre el EMPC y el impacto que la toma de decisiones conservadoras produce en el rendimiento del sistema. La mejora en el rendimiento del esquema de gesti贸n energ茅tica propuesto se ha cuantificado.La integraci贸 de les fonts d'energia renovables a les xarxes modernes ha augmentat significativament en l鈥櫭簂tima d猫cada. Aquestes fonts renovables, encara que molt convenients per al medi ambient s贸n de naturalesa intermitent, i s贸n no panificables, cosa que genera problemes a la xarxa de distribuci贸. Aix貌 es deu precisament als problemes relacionats amb la congesti贸 de la xarxa i la regulaci贸 de la tensi贸. En aquest escenari, l鈥櫭簊 de sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia (ESS) en xarxes el猫ctriques est脿 sent 脿mpliament proposat per superar aquests problemes. No obstant aix貌, la integraci贸 de sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia per si sols no compensar脿 el problema creat per la generaci贸 renovable. El control i la gesti贸 de l'ESS s'han de fer de manera _optima, de manera que s'aprofitin al m脿xim les seves capacitats per superar els problemes en les xarxes el猫ctriques, garantir un cost d鈥檌nversi贸 raonable i allargar la vida 煤til de l'ESS minimitzant la seva degradaci贸. Motivat per aquesta problem脿tica, aquesta tesi doctoral es centra a desenvolupar una estrat猫gia de control i gesti贸 eficient per als ESS integrats en una microxarxa, especialment quan es tracta d'ESS de natura h铆brida. El treball de doctorat proposa un esquema de control jer脿rquic compost per un control de baix nivell i una part de gesti贸 d'energia operant a m茅s alt nivell. El treball realitza aportacions en els dos camps. En el control de baix nivell, aquest treball es centra a millorar aspectes del control en temps real dels convertidors que interconnecten el ESS amb la xarxa i el sistema de microxarxa en el seu conjunt. El treball proposa sistemes de control amb comportament din脿mic millorat per a convertidors de pot猫ncia desenvolupats en el marc del control de tipus reset. En el control de micro-xarxa, el treball presenta un esquema de control primari i un de secundari de regulaci贸 de voltatge millorat sota pertorbacions, utilitzant un observador. A m茅s, el treball planteja estrat猫gies de repartiment de el flux de pot猫ncia entre els diferents ESS. Durant el disseny d'aquests algoritmes de control es tenen en compte els mecanismes de degradaci贸 dels diferents ESS. Els algoritmes dissenyats es validaran mitjanant simulacions i treballs experimentals. En l'apartat de gesti贸 d'energia, la contribuci贸 d'aquest treball se centra en l鈥檃plicaci贸 de l'un control predictiu econ貌mic basat en model (EMPC) per a la gesti贸 d'ESS en microxarxes. El treball aborda espec铆ficament els problemes de mitigar la congesti贸 de la xarxa a partir de l鈥檃limentaci贸 d'energia renovable, minimitzant la degradaci贸 d'ESS i maximitzant l'autoconsum d'energia renovable generada. S'ha realitzat una revisi贸 dels m猫todes de predicci贸 del consum/generaci贸 que poden usar-se en el marc de l'EMPC i s'ha desenvolupat un mecanisme de predicci贸 basat en l鈥櫭簊 de les xarxes neuronals. S'ha abordat l鈥檃n脿lisi de l'efecte de l'error de predicci贸 sobre el EMPC i l'impacte que la presa de decisions conservadores produeix en el rendiment de el sistema. La millora en el rendiment de l'esquema de gesti贸 energ猫tica proposat s'ha quantificat

    Reset control for DC-DC converters: an experimental application

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    漏 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Power converters in grid connected systems are required to have fast response to ensure the stability of the system. The standard PI controllers used in most power converters are capable of fast response but with significant overshoot. In this paper a hybrid control technique for power converter using a reset PI + CI controller is proposed. The PI + CI controller can overcome the limitation of its linear counterpart (PI) and ensure a fast flat response for power converter. The design, stability and cost of feedback analysis for a DC-DC boost converter employing a PI + CI controller is explored in this work. The simulation and experimental results which confirm the fast, flat response will be presented and discussed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    A model predictive control-based energy management scheme for hybrid storage system in islanded microgrids

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    Model predictive control (MPC) facilitates online optimal resource scheduling in electrical networks, thermal systems, water networks, process industry to name a few. In electrical systems, the capability of MPC can be used not only to minimise operating costs but also to improve renewable energy utilisation and energy storage system degradation. This work assesses the application of MPC for energy management in an islanded microgrid with PV generation and hybrid storage system composed of battery, supercapacitor and regenerative fuel cell. The objective is to improve the utilisation of renewable generation, the operational efficiency of the microgrid and the reduction in rate of degradation of storage systems. The improvements in energy scheduling, achieved with MPC, are highlighted through comparison with a heuristic based method, like Fuzzy inference. Simulated behaviour of an islanded microgrid with the MPC and fuzzy based energy management schemes will be studied for the same. Apart from this, the study also carries out an analysis of the computational demand resulting from the use of MPC in the energy management stage. It is concluded that, compared to heuristic methods, MPC ensures improved performance in an islanded microgrid.This work was supported in part by the European Union鈥檚 Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sk艂odowska Curie under Grant 675318 (INCITE), in part by the Spanish State Research Agency through the Maria de Maeztu Seal of Excellence to IRI under Grant MDM-2016-0656, and in part by the Spanish National Project DOVELAR (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) under Grant RTI2018-096001-B-C32.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    An adaptive disturbance rejection control scheme for voltage regulation in DC micro-grids

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    漏 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Uncertain generation by renewable sources and load variations have resulted in adding energy storage systems in the grid to maintain grid parameters (voltage, frequency) within prescribed limits. The disturbances being non-deterministic in nature, the voltage regulation control by the storage systems relies mostly on dual loop architecture with an outer voltage and inner current loop. Improvement in controller dynamics can be achieved through feed forward of disturbance profile but at expense of additional sensors and communication in the grid. This work explores the application of an adaptive disturbance rejection control scheme for disturbance estimation (without using additional sensors) employing an extended state and proportional integral observer (PI+ESO). The proposed observer aim to achieve robust disturbance estimation under grid parameter uncertainty. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme over the conventional one will be put forward through H8 and H2 norm analysis of the system. The design and simulation results of the proposed scheme will be presented in this work.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Grid voltage regulation using a reset PI+CI controller for energy storage systems

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    漏 . This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Hybrid controllers are capable of improved performance over their linear counterparts. In particular, reset controllers like the PI+CI are capable of fast flat response for lag dominant plants. Grid connected power converters especially interfacing energy storage systems to grids are required to have fast response to varying load demands to ensure minimum variation in grid parameters. Application of PI+CI controllers in such systems can improve their performance. In this work the improvement brought about by use of PI+CI controller employed for energy storage system power converters is highlighted by comparing it with PI controller based system under load variations. A DC microgrid with Fuel cell-supercapacitor based storage elements are considered here. The design criteria and simulation results are presented here.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Grid congestion mitigation and battery degradation minimisation using model predictive control in PV-based microgrid

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    漏 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting /republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksIncreasing integration of photovoltaic (PV) system in electric grids cause congestion during peak power feed-in. Battery storage in PV systems increases self-consumption, for consumer's benefit. However with conventional maximising self consumption (MSC) control for battery scheduling, the issue of grid congestion is not addressed. The batteries tend to be fully charged early in the day and peak power is still fed-in to grid. This also increases battery degradation due to increased dwell time at high state of charge (SOC) levels. To address this issue, this work uses a model predictive control (MPC) for scheduling in PV system with battery storage to achieve multiple objectives of minimising battery degradation, grid congestion, while maximising self consumption. In order to demonstrate the improvement, this work compares the performances of MPC and MSC schemes when used in battery scheduling. The improvement is quantified through performance indices like self consumption ratio, peak power reduction and battery capacity fade for one-year operation. An analysis on computation burden and maximum deterioration in MPC performance under prediction error is also carried out. It is concluded that, compared to MSC, MPC achieves similar self consumption in PV systems while also reducing grid congestion and battery degradation.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Control and management of energy storage systems in microgrids

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    Tesis llevada a cabo para conseguir el grado de Doctor por la Universidad Polit茅cnica de Catalu帽a.--2020-07-23[EN] The rate of integration of the renewable energy sources in modern grids have significantly increased in the last decade. These intermittent, non-dispatchable renewable sources, though environment friendly tend to be grid unfriendly. This is precisely due to the issues pertaining to grid congestion, voltage regulation and stability of grids being reported as a result of the incorporation of renewable sources. In this scenario, the use of energy storage systems (ESS ) in electric grids is being widely proposed to overcome these issues. However, integrating energy storage systems alone will not compensate for the issue created by renewable generation. The control and management of the ESS should be done optimally so that their full capabilities are exploited to overcome the issues in the power grids and to ensure their lower cost of investment by prolonging ESS lifetime through minimising degradation. Motivated by this aspect this Ph.D work focusses on developing an efficient, optimal control and management strategy for ESS in a microgrid, especially hybrid ESS. The Ph.D work addresses this issue by proposing a hierarchical control scheme comprising of a lower power management and higher energy management stage with contributions in each stage. In the power management stage this work focusses on improving aspects of real time control of power converters interfacing ESS to grid and the microgrid system as whole. The work proposes control systems with improved dynamic behaviour for power converters based on the reset control framework. In the microgrid control the work presents a primary+secondary control scheme with improved voltage regulation performance under disturbances, using an observer. The real time power splitting strategies among hybrid ESS accounting for the ESS operating efficiencies and degradation mechanisms will also be addressed in the primary+secondary control of power management stage. The design criteria, stability and robustness analysis will be carried out, along with simulation or experimental verifications. In the higher level energy management stage, the contribution of this work involves application of an economic MPC framework for the management of ESS in microgrids. The work specifically addresses the problems of mitigating grid congestion from renewable power feed-in, minimising ESS degradation and maximising self consumption of generated renewable energy using the MPC based energy management system. A survey of the forecasting methods that can be used for MPC will be carried out and a neural network based forecasting unit for time series prediction will be developed. The practical issue of accounting for forecasting error in the decision making of MPC will be addressed and impact of the resulting conservative decision making on the system performance will be analysed. The improvement in performance with the proposed energy management scheme will be demonstrated and quantified.[ES] La integraci贸n de las fuentes de energ铆a renovables en las redes modernas ha aumentado significativamente en la 煤ltima d茅cada. Estas fuentes renovables, aunque muy convenientes para el medio ambiente son de naturaleza intermitente, y son no panificables, cosa que genera problemas en la red de distribuci贸n. Esto se debe precisamente a los problemas relacionados con la congesti贸n de la red y la regulaci贸n del voltaje. En este escenario, el uso de sistemas de almacenamiento de energ铆a (ESS) en redes el茅ctricas est谩 siendo ampliamente propuesto para superar estos problemas. Sin embargo, la integraci贸n de sistemas de almacenamiento de energ铆a por s铆 solos no compensar谩 el problema creado por la generaci贸n renovable. El control y la gesti贸n del ESS deben realizarse de manera 贸ptima, de modo que se aprovechen al m谩ximo sus capacidades para superar los problemas en las redes el茅ctricas, garantizar un coste de inversi贸n razonable y prolongar la vida 煤til del ESS minimizando su degradaci贸n. Motivado por esta problem谩tica, esta tesis doctoral se centra en desarrollar una estrategia de control y gesti贸n eficiente para los ESS integrados en una microrred, especialmente cuando se trata de ESS de naturaleza. El trabajo de doctorado propone un esquema de control jer谩rquico compuesto por un control de bajo nivel y una parte de gesti贸n de energ铆a operando a m谩s alto nivel. El trabajo realiza aportaciones en los dos campos. En el control de bajo nivel, este trabajo se centra en mejorar aspectos del control en tiempo real de los convertidores que interconectan el ESS con la red y el sistema de micro red en su conjunto. El trabajo propone sistemas de control con comportamiento din谩mico mejorado para convertidores de potencia desarrollados en el marco del control de tipo reset. En el control de microrred, el trabajo presenta un esquema de control primario y uno secundario con un rendimiento de regulaci贸n de voltaje mejorado bajo perturbaciones, utilizando un observador. Adem谩s, el trabajo plantea estrategias de reparto del flujo de potencia entre los diferentes ESS. Durante el dise帽o de estos algoritmos de control se tienen en cuenta los mecanismos de degradaci贸n de los diferentes ESS. Los algoritmos dise帽ados se validar谩n mediante simulaciones y trabajos experimentales. En el apartado de gesti贸n de energ铆a, la contribuci贸n de este trabajo se centra en la aplicaci贸n del un control predictivo econ贸mico basado en modelo (EMPC) para la gesti贸n de ESS en microrredes. El trabajo aborda espec铆ficamente los problemas de mitigar la congesti贸n de la red a partir de la alimentaci贸n de energ铆a renovable, minimizando la degradaci贸n de ESS y maximizando el autoconsumo de energ铆a renovable generada. Se ha realizado una revisi贸n de los m茅todos de predicci贸n del consumo/generaci贸n que pueden usarse en el marco del EMPC y se ha desarrollado un mecanismo de predicci贸n basado en el uso de las redes neuronales. Se ha abordado el an谩lisis del efecto del error de predicci贸n sobre el EMPC y el impacto que la toma de decisiones conservadoras produce en el rendimiento del sistema. La mejora en el rendimiento del esquema de gesti贸n energ茅tica propuesto se ha cuantificado.This Ph.D work was carried out in Institut de Robotica i Informatica Industrial at the Universitat Polit茅cnica de Catalunya. The work was done as part of the INCITE project funded though Marie Sk lodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675318 from the European Union. The author would like to acknowledge the support from the above institutions

    Control and management of energy storage systems in microgrids

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    Aplicat embargament des de la defensa fins al 30 de gener de 2021The rate of integration of the renewable energy sources in modern grids have significantly increased in the last decade. These intermittent, non-dispatchable renewable sources, though environment friendly tend to be grid unfriendly. This is precisely due to the issues pertaining to grid congestion, voltage regulation and stability of grids being reported as a result of the incorporation of renewable sources. In this scenario, the use of energy storage systems (ESS ) in electric grids is being widely proposed to overcome these issues. However, integrating energy storage systems alone will not compensate for the issue created by renewable generation. The control and management of the ESS should be done optimally so that their full capabilities are exploited to overcome the issues in the power grids and to ensure their lower cost of investment by prolonging ESS lifetime through minimising degradation. Motivated by this aspect this Ph.D work focusses on developing an efficient, optimal control and management strategy for ESS in a microgrid, especially hybrid ESS. The Ph.D work addresses this issue by proposing a hierarchical control scheme comprising of a lower power management and higher energy management stage with contributions in each stage. In the power management stage this work focusses on improving aspects of real time control of power converters interfacing ESS to grid and the microgrid system as whole. The work proposes control systems with improved dynamic behaviour for power converters based on the reset control framework. In the microgrid control the work presents a primary+secondary control scheme with improved voltage regulation performance under disturbances, using an observer. The real time power splitting strategies among hybrid ESS accounting for the ESS operating efficiencies and degradation mechanisms will also be addressed in the primary+secondary control of power management stage. The design criteria, stability and robustness analysis will be carried out, along with simulation or experimental verifications. In the higher level energy management stage, the contribution of this work involves application of an economic MPC framework for the management of ESS in microgrids. The work specifically addresses the problems of mitigating grid congestion from renewable power feed-in, minimising ESS degradation and maximising self consumption of generated renewable energy using the MPC based energy management system. A survey of the forecasting methods that can be used for MPC will be carried out and a neural network based forecasting unit for time series prediction will be developed. The practical issue of accounting for forecasting error in the decision making of MPC will be addressed and impact of the resulting conservative decision making on the system performance will be analysed. The improvement in performance with the proposed energy management scheme will be demonstrated and quantified.La integraci贸n de las fuentes de energ铆a renovables en las redes modernas ha aumentado significativamente en la 煤ltima d茅cada. Estas fuentes renovables, aunque muy convenientes para el medio ambiente son de naturaleza intermitente, y son no panificables, cosa que genera problemas en la red de distribuci贸n. Esto se debe precisamente a los problemas relacionados con la congesti贸n de la red y la regulaci贸n del voltaje. En este escenario, el uso de sistemas de almacenamiento de energ铆a (ESS) en redes el茅ctricas est谩 siendo ampliamente propuesto para superar estos problemas. Sin embargo, la integraci贸n de sistemas de almacenamiento de energ铆a por s铆 solos no compensar谩 el problema creado por la generaci贸n renovable. El control y la gesti贸n del ESS deben realizarse de manera 贸ptima, de modo que se aprovechen al m谩ximo sus capacidades para superar los problemas en las redes el茅ctricas, garantizar un coste de inversi贸n razonable y prolongar la vida 煤til del ESS minimizando su degradaci贸n. Motivado por esta problem谩tica, esta tesis doctoral se centra en desarrollar una estrategia de control y gesti贸n eficiente para los ESS integrados en una microrred, especialmente cuando se trata de ESS de naturaleza. El trabajo de doctorado propone un esquema de control jer谩rquico compuesto por un control de bajo nivel y una parte de gesti贸n de energ铆a operando a m谩s alto nivel. El trabajo realiza aportaciones en los dos campos. En el control de bajo nivel, este trabajo se centra en mejorar aspectos del control en tiempo real de los convertidores que interconectan el ESS con la red y el sistema de micro red en su conjunto. El trabajo propone sistemas de control con comportamiento din谩mico mejorado para convertidores de potencia desarrollados en el marco del control de tipo reset. En el control de microrred, el trabajo presenta un esquema de control primario y uno secundario con un rendimiento de regulaci贸n de voltaje mejorado bajo perturbaciones, utilizando un observador. Adem谩s, el trabajo plantea estrategias de reparto del flujo de potencia entre los diferentes ESS. Durante el dise帽o de estos algoritmos de control se tienen en cuenta los mecanismos de degradaci贸n de los diferentes ESS. Los algoritmos dise帽ados se validar谩n mediante simulaciones y trabajos experimentales. En el apartado de gesti贸n de energ铆a, la contribuci贸n de este trabajo se centra en la aplicaci贸n del un control predictivo econ贸mico basado en modelo (EMPC) para la gesti贸n de ESS en microrredes. El trabajo aborda espec铆ficamente los problemas de mitigar la congesti贸n de la red a partir de la alimentaci贸n de energ铆a renovable, minimizando la degradaci贸n de ESS y maximizando el autoconsumo de energ铆a renovable generada. Se ha realizado una revisi贸n de los m茅todos de predicci贸n del consumo/generaci贸n que pueden usarse en el marco del EMPC y se ha desarrollado un mecanismo de predicci贸n basado en el uso de las redes neuronales. Se ha abordado el an谩lisis del efecto del error de predicci贸n sobre el EMPC y el impacto que la toma de decisiones conservadoras produce en el rendimiento del sistema. La mejora en el rendimiento del esquema de gesti贸n energ茅tica propuesto se ha cuantificado.La integraci贸 de les fonts d'energia renovables a les xarxes modernes ha augmentat significativament en l鈥櫭簂tima d猫cada. Aquestes fonts renovables, encara que molt convenients per al medi ambient s贸n de naturalesa intermitent, i s贸n no panificables, cosa que genera problemes a la xarxa de distribuci贸. Aix貌 es deu precisament als problemes relacionats amb la congesti贸 de la xarxa i la regulaci贸 de la tensi贸. En aquest escenari, l鈥櫭簊 de sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia (ESS) en xarxes el猫ctriques est脿 sent 脿mpliament proposat per superar aquests problemes. No obstant aix貌, la integraci贸 de sistemes d'emmagatzematge d'energia per si sols no compensar脿 el problema creat per la generaci贸 renovable. El control i la gesti贸 de l'ESS s'han de fer de manera _optima, de manera que s'aprofitin al m脿xim les seves capacitats per superar els problemes en les xarxes el猫ctriques, garantir un cost d鈥檌nversi贸 raonable i allargar la vida 煤til de l'ESS minimitzant la seva degradaci贸. Motivat per aquesta problem脿tica, aquesta tesi doctoral es centra a desenvolupar una estrat猫gia de control i gesti贸 eficient per als ESS integrats en una microxarxa, especialment quan es tracta d'ESS de natura h铆brida. El treball de doctorat proposa un esquema de control jer脿rquic compost per un control de baix nivell i una part de gesti贸 d'energia operant a m茅s alt nivell. El treball realitza aportacions en els dos camps. En el control de baix nivell, aquest treball es centra a millorar aspectes del control en temps real dels convertidors que interconnecten el ESS amb la xarxa i el sistema de microxarxa en el seu conjunt. El treball proposa sistemes de control amb comportament din脿mic millorat per a convertidors de pot猫ncia desenvolupats en el marc del control de tipus reset. En el control de micro-xarxa, el treball presenta un esquema de control primari i un de secundari de regulaci贸 de voltatge millorat sota pertorbacions, utilitzant un observador. A m茅s, el treball planteja estrat猫gies de repartiment de el flux de pot猫ncia entre els diferents ESS. Durant el disseny d'aquests algoritmes de control es tenen en compte els mecanismes de degradaci贸 dels diferents ESS. Els algoritmes dissenyats es validaran mitjanant simulacions i treballs experimentals. En l'apartat de gesti贸 d'energia, la contribuci贸 d'aquest treball se centra en l鈥檃plicaci贸 de l'un control predictiu econ貌mic basat en model (EMPC) per a la gesti贸 d'ESS en microxarxes. El treball aborda espec铆ficament els problemes de mitigar la congesti贸 de la xarxa a partir de l鈥檃limentaci贸 d'energia renovable, minimitzant la degradaci贸 d'ESS i maximitzant l'autoconsum d'energia renovable generada. S'ha realitzat una revisi贸 dels m猫todes de predicci贸 del consum/generaci贸 que poden usar-se en el marc de l'EMPC i s'ha desenvolupat un mecanisme de predicci贸 basat en l鈥櫭簊 de les xarxes neuronals. S'ha abordat l鈥檃n脿lisi de l'efecte de l'error de predicci贸 sobre el EMPC i l'impacte que la presa de decisions conservadores produeix en el rendiment de el sistema. La millora en el rendiment de l'esquema de gesti贸 energ猫tica proposat s'ha quantificat.Postprint (published version

    An analysis of energy storage system interaction in a multi objective model predictive control based energy management in DC microgrid

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    Trabajo presentado en el 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), celebrado en Zaragoza (Espa帽a), del 10 al 13 de septiembre de 2019Non-deterministic generation from renewable sources have resulted in the incorporation energy storage systems in modern grids. Management of energy between different storage elements need to done optimally to ensure efficient operation of the grid. The intraday energy management problem is addressed in this work through an online model predictive control using multi objective optimisation. This work analyses the energy interaction among different storages when penalty weights in a multi objective optimisation problem is varied, in order to find an optimal scenario in terms of weight distribution. Different scenarios are identified and performance indices are proposed to achieve the same. The work also addresses implicitly the objective of minimising rate of degradation batteries. Simulation results are presented to aid in the analysis
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